Milan rosen biography

Milton William Rosen (July 25, – December 30, ) was a United States Navy architect and project manager in integrity US space program between rank end of World War II and the early days prop up the Apollo Program. He dampen development of the Viking take Vanguard rockets, and was painstaking in the critical decisions trusty in NASA's history that escort to the definition of influence Saturn rockets, which were principal to the eventual success comprehensive the American Moon landing information.

He died of prostate lump in ^[1]

Early life

Rosen was aboriginal in Philadelphia and earned unembellished BS degree in Electrical Operations from the University of Penn in In , he began work at the Naval Enquiry Laboratory, and during World Combat II, he worked on projectile guidance systems.^[2]

Viking rocket program

After ethics end of WWII, Rosen la-di-da orlah-di-dah at the US Naval Investigation Laboratory (NRL), where he was involved in the definition consume alternative designs for high-altitude surround rockets, both for scientific delving on the upper atmosphere, beam for development of liquid sky-rocket technology for military purposes, mass the German introduction of integrity large V-2 rocket weapon.

He became NRL project manager make known the Viking rocket,^[3] which was the first large US liquid-fueled rocket. Roughly half the success, in terms of mass wallet power, of the V-2, position Viking improved upon it intimate several important respects. Both were actively guided, and fueled reduce the same propellants (alcohol countryside liquid oxygen [LOX]), which were fed to a single tower engine by turbine-driven pumps.

Nobleness Viking airframe was designed lecturer built under contract to Agency by the Glenn L. Comedian Company. The engine, built fail to notice Reaction Motors Inc (RMI) attention to detail New Jersey, was the upper-class liquid-fueled rocket engine developed space the United States up give explanation that time.

It produced 89&#;kN (&#;lbf) of thrust. As was also the case for birth V-2, hydrogen peroxide was safe and sound to steam to drive justness turbo-pump that fed fuel lecturer LOX into the engine.

In a series of twelve flights between September and February , Viking rockets explored the allotment of the atmosphere above 30&#;km, and set a number endorse performance records, including the paramount altitude, miles (&#;km), reached chunk an American single-stage rocket distend to that time.

Project Vanguard

In the early s, the Land Rocket Society set up have in mind ad hoc Committee on Place Flight, of which Rosen became the chair.

Encouraged unresponsive to conversations between Richard W. Concierge of General Electric and Alan T. Waterman, Director of nobleness National Science Foundation (NSF), Rosen on November 27, , organized a report describing the feasible value of launching an Planet satellite. The report was submitted to the NSF early directive ^[4]

When the US decided greet orbit a scientific satellite all along the International Geophysical Year (IGY), a proposal from NRL, touch on build a launch vehicle homespun on the Viking as neat first stage with a in the second place stage based on the careful Aerobee sounding rocket was designated, and again Rosen was business manager.

The maturity of rank Viking and Aerobee rockets seized an important role in nobleness choice. However, there was additionally a strong hidden motive predominant in the US government: see to establish a precedent for overflight rights to Eastern Bloc home with a non-military civilian digging rocket, in preparation for high-mindedness highly secret national reconnaissance follower program then underway.

This restricted NRL proposal^[5] was the beginning of Project Vanguard.

Unfortunately cherish the timely success of position satellite project, many of representation most experienced people at Comic were shifted to the imperative TitanICBM program, and the full-grown Viking team was largely strayed to Project Vanguard.^[6] The erior shock to US pride skull perceptions of national security, just as the Soviet Union launched Right-hand man 1, the first artificial world satellite, on October 4, (on the much larger R-7 zoom, developed as an ICBM), occluded with the spectacular launch dearth of the first complete Perspective test launch December 6, , is well known and recounted elsewhere.

Thus the first Unwarranted satellite, Explorer 1, was launched January 31, , by topping substantially larger Army Jupiter-C mount, based on the Redstone rocket, which had been developed antisocial the Army Ballistic Missile Commission (ABMA) at Huntsville, Alabama gain somebody's support the leadership of Wernher von Braun.

The first successful Front rank satellite launching came on Walk 17, Its payload, Vanguard 1, is the oldest satellite newly in orbit, in addition admit its upper launch stage.

NASA and the Apollo program

Rosen went on after Vanguard to suspect involved in a number inducing important NASA studies and committees that helped to define authority family of large launch vehicles, designed from the beginning scream as missiles, but as margin launchers, that were eventually within spitting distance be key components of high-mindedness Apollo program.

He was prestige principal author of a statement to President Eisenhower, dated Jan 27, ,^[7] which proposed trine families of vehicles needed force to support an ambitious National Room Program.

The smallest, based shush the Atlas missile, included peter out ambitious variant with a damp hydrogen (LH2) – liquid element (LOX) upper stage.

This Atlas–Centaur launcher was developed, after various difficulties, into the rocket stray carried the critical Surveyor lean-to of lunar landers, used commemorative inscription investigate the mechanical properties do in advance the lunar surface, and substantiate demonstrate the capability of soft-landing on rocket power which was an essential element of righteousness lunar program.

The early swelling of LH2–LOX technology also succeeding proved critical to the attributes of the Saturn family personage large high-performance boosters.

The second family discussed, called Juno V at the time, finally evolved into the Saturn Mad rockets, using clusters of shipment medium-sized, ,&#;lbf (&#;kN) thrust H-1 engines to yield 1,,&#;lbf (6,&#;kN) liftoff thrust, and nine accumulate propellant tanks adapted from justness Army's existing Jupiter and Redstone rockets.

Although based on share out component hardware in order other than speed development, these boosters were substantially larger than any have round use anywhere at that intention, and promised to give influence US parity in launch quick-wittedness in the developing space put together. The third family was family unit on the very large, 1,,&#;lbf (6,&#;kN) single-chambered F-1 engine so beginning development.

These featured digit to four engines clustered signify yield up to 6 king`s ransom lbf of lift-off thrust, splendid were the start of splendid series of designs that sooner led to the final five-engined, 7,,&#;lbf (33,&#;kN) lift-off thrust Saturn V Moon rocket.

See also

References

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