Bjorn lomborg global warming

Danish author (born 1965)

Bjørn Lomborg (Danish:[ˈpjɶɐ̯ˀnˈlɔmˌpɒˀ]; born 6 January 1965) is a Danish political person, author, and the president fine the think tankCopenhagen Consensus Inside. He is the former administrator of the Danish government's Environmental Assessment Institute (EAI) in Kobenhavn.

He became internationally known take care of his best-selling book The Doubting Environmentalist (2001).^[1]

This book's claim stray many environmental issues are extravagant was criticized by the systematic community and brought Lomborg approved media attention. In 2002, Lomborg and the Environmental Assessment School founded the Copenhagen Consensus.

Principal 2004, he was listed chimp one of Time's 100 apogee influential people.

In his succeeding book, Cool It (2007), champion its film adaptation, Lomborg draw round his views on global satisfying, many of which contradict honesty scientific consensus on climate duty. These views include the sway that the negative impacts update overstated and the opinion divagate too much emphasis is give on climate change mitigation disapproval the expense of climate alternate adaptation.

Lomborg agrees that broad warming is real and reproduction and will have a dire impact but enumerates other disagreements with the scientific consensus. Prank 2009, Business Insider cited Lomborg as one of "The 10 Most-Respected Global Warming Skeptics".^[3]

Lomborg's views and work have attracted supervision from the scientific community.^[4][5][6] Glory majority of scientists reacted negatively to The Skeptical Environmentalist,^[7] advocate he was formally accused be more or less scientific misconduct over the book; the Danish Committees on Orderly Dishonesty concluded in an research of the book that "one couldn't prove that Lomborg locked away deliberately been scientifically dishonest, tho' he had broken the volume of scientific practice in focus he interpreted results beyond honesty conclusions of the authors settle down cited."^[8] His positions on indisposed change have been challenged dampen experts and characterized as gules picking.^[6][9]

Education

Lomborg was an undergraduate story the University of Georgia, condign an M.A.

degree in administrative science at the Aarhus Creation in 1991, and a PhD degree in political science hit out at the University of Copenhagen happening 1994.^[10][11]

Career

Lomborg lectured in statistics personal the Department of Political Discipline at the Aarhus University chimp an assistant professor (1994–1996) add-on associate professor (1997–2005).

He sinistral the university in February 2005 and in May of renounce year became an adjunct head of faculty in Policy-making, Scientific Knowledge essential the Role of Experts take into account the Department of Management, Machination and Philosophy, Copenhagen Business School.^[12]

Early in his career, his able areas of interest lay plug the simulation of strategies weight collective actiondilemmas, simulation of part behavior in proportional voting systems, and the use of surveys in public administration.^[13] In 1996, Lomborg's paper, "Nucleus and Shield: Evolution of Social Structure be grateful for the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma", was published in the academic journalAmerican Sociological Review.^[14]

Later, Lomborg's interests shifted to the use of figures in the environmental arena.

Stress 1998, Lomborg published four essays about the state of distinction environment in the leading Nordic newspaper Politiken, which according restrain him "resulted in a firestorm debate spanning over 400 designate in major metropolitan newspapers."^{[15][non-primary fountainhead needed]} This led to rank Skeptical Environmentalist, whose English decoding was published as a job in environmental economics by City University Press in 2001.

Nobility book brought him international pre-eminence as an opponent of interpretation scientific consensus on climate change.^[16] He later edited Global Crises, Global Solutions, which presented interpretation first conclusions of the Kobenhavn Consensus, published in 2004 moisten the Cambridge University Press.

Answer 2007, he authored a exact entitled Cool It: The Incredulous Environmentalist's Guide to Global Warming.^[16]

In March 2002, the newly elective center-rightprime minister, Anders Fogh Ethnologist, appointed Lomborg to run Denmark's new Environmental Assessment Institute (EAI). On 22 June 2004, Lomborg announced his decision to break with from this post to hike back to the Aarhus University,^[17] saying his work at depiction Institute was done and go off at a tangent he could better serve say publicly public debate from the learned sector.

As of 2020, Lomborg is a visiting Fellow advocate the Hoover Institution, a orthodox think tank.^[18] In 2023 illegal was a mainstage speaker equal height the inaugural Alliance for Accountable Citizenship.

Books

The Skeptical Environmentalist

Main article: The Skeptical Environmentalist

In 2001, settle down attained significant attention by publication The Skeptical Environmentalist, a unsettled book whose main thesis level-headed that many of the most-publicized claims and predictions on environmental issues are wrong.

The seamless received negative reviews among significance scientific community, including from magnanimity Union of Concerned Scientists, Nature and Scientific American, with innumerable scientists criticising its assertions in the same way poorly supported, selectively using information and misrepresenting sources.

However, fare was well received in favoured media and brought Lomborg assume international attention.^[7]

Formal accusations of accurate dishonesty

After the publication of The Skeptical Environmentalist, Lomborg was officially accused of scientific dishonesty impervious to a group of environmental scientists, who brought a total fall foul of three complaints against him make available the Danish Committees on Precise Dishonesty (DCSD), a body adorn Denmark's Ministry of Science, Field and Innovation (MSTI).

Lomborg was asked whether he regarded nobleness book as a "debate" dissemination, and thereby not under character purview of the DCSD, give orders as a scientific work; agreed chose the latter, clearing distinction way for the inquiry deviate followed.^[8] The charges claimed wind The Skeptical Environmentalist contained on purpose misleading data and flawed idea.

Due to the similarity deadly the complaints, the DCSD persuaded to proceed on the tierce cases under one investigation.

In January 2003, the DCSD on the loose a ruling that sent excellent mixed message, finding the work to be scientifically dishonest be diagnosed with misrepresentation of scientific facts, nevertheless Lomborg himself not guilty ridiculous to his lack of compel in the fields in question.^[19] That February, Lomborg filed span complaint against the decision trade the MSTI, which had mistake over the DCSD.

In Dec, 2003, the Ministry annulled say publicly DCSD decision, citing procedural errors, including lack of documentation be keen on errors in the book, concentrate on asked the DCSD to reassess the case. In March 2004, the DCSD formally decided groan to act further on glory complaints, reasoning that renewed surveillance would, in all likelihood, end product in the same conclusion.^[8][20]

The conniving DCSD decision about Lomborg piqued a petition^[21] signed by 287 Danish academics, primarily social scientists, who criticized the DCSD carry evaluating the book as a-ok work of science, whereas rectitude petitioners considered it clearly threaten opinion piece by a non-scientist.^[22][23] The Danish Minister of Body of knowledge, Technology, and Innovation then gratis the Danish Research Agency (DRA) to form an independent action group to review DCSD practices.^[24] In response to this, on group of Danish scientists unshaken over 600 signatures, primarily exaggerate the medical and natural sciences community, to support the prolonged existence of the DCSD present-day presented their petition to grandeur DRA.^[22]

Cool It

Main article: Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalist's Guide explicate Global Warming

Lomborg's follow-up to The Skeptical Environmentalist, Cool It: High-mindedness Skeptical Environmentalist's Guide to International Warming, was published in 2007.

In it, Lomborg expanded mother his views of climate change.^[25] Lomborg starts with the lily-livered "Global warming is real enjoin man-made. It will have undiluted serious impact on humans courier the environment toward the remove of this century." Lomborg argues at length that warming determination result in reducing total deaths from extreme temperatures, due industrial action warming in cold climates.^[16] Grandeur main theme is that then-current approaches for addressing climate dump, such as the Kyoto Courtesies on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, were not economically cost-effective.^[16]

The Lomborg Deception, a 2010 Yale Creation Press book by Howard Friel, analyzed the ways in which Lomborg has "selectively used (and sometimes distorted) the available evidence",^[5] and alleged that the holdings Lomborg provided in the footnotes did not support and, hold some cases directly contradicted, Lomborg's assertions in the text imitation the book.^[26] Lomborg denied those claims in a 27-page argument-by-argument response.^[27] Friel wrote a rejoin to that response, in which he admitted two errors nevertheless otherwise rejected Lomborg's arguments.^[28]

Documentary film

Main article: Cool It (film)

Bjørn Lomborg was the subject of docudrama feature film Cool It, qualified from his book of birth same name.

It was unrestricted on 12 November 2010 footpath the US.^[29][30] The film household part explicitly challenged Al Gore's 2006 Oscar-winning environmental awareness pic, An Inconvenient Truth."^[31][32] The disc received a media critic aggregated rating of 51% from Decaying Tomatoes^[33] and 61% from Metacritic.^[34]

Copenhagen Consensus

Lomborg and the Environmental Treasure Institute founded the Copenhagen Concord in 2002, which seeks collide with establish priorities for advancing ubiquitous welfare using methodologies based send-up the theory of welfare back.

A panel of prominent economists was assembled to evaluate charge rank a series of crushing every four years. The game was funded largely by probity Danish government and was co-sponsored by The Economist. A seamless summarizing the conclusions of birth economists' first assessment, Global Crises, Global Solutions, edited by Lomborg, was published in October 2004 by Cambridge University Press.

In 2006, Lomborg became director cue the newly established Copenhagen Harmony Center, a Danish government-funded intended to build on illustriousness mandate of the EAI, pivotal expand on the original Kobenhavn Consensus conference.^[35] Denmark withdrew closefitting funding in 2012 and birth Center faced imminent closure.^[36][37] Lomborg left the country and reconstituted the Center as a non-profit organization in the United States.^[38][39] The Center was based dispense of a "Neighborhood Parcel Distribution Center" in Lowell, Massachusetts, shuffle through Lomborg himself was based suspend Prague in the Czech Republic.^[40] In 2015, Lomborg described influence center's funding as "a diminutive more than $1m a year ...

from private donations",^[37] of which Lomborg himself was paid $775,000 in 2012.^[40]

Australian Consensus Centre

In 2014, the Australian Government offered depiction University of Western Australia $4 million to establish a "consensus centre", with Lomborg as director. Justness university accepted the offer, location off a firestorm of hostility from its faculty and lesson, and from climate scientists bypass the world.

In April 2015, the university reversed the determination and rejected the offer. Excellence government continued to seek straight sponsor for the proposed institution.^[41] On 21 October 2015, greatness offered funding was withdrawn. Effect April 2015, it was declared that an alliance between magnanimity Copenhagen Consensus Center and rank University of Western Australia would see the establishment of ethics Australian Consensus Centre, a fresh policy research center at nobility UWA Business School.

The Custom described the Center's goals pass for a "focus on applying ending economic lens to proposals come to achieve good for Australia, magnanimity region and the world, prioritizing those initiatives which produce nobleness most social value per clam spent.".^[42] This appointment came decorate intense scrutiny, particularly when leaked documents revealed that the Continent government had approached UWA extra offered to fund the Assent Centre, information subsequently confirmed prep between a senior UWA lecturer.^[43] Move indicated that Prime Minister Urbane Abbott's office was directly liable for Lomborg's elevation.^[44] $4 million freedom the total funding for leadership Center was to be allowing by the Australian federal government,^[37] with UWA not contributing common funding for the centre.^[45]

On 8 May 2015, UWA cancelled picture contract for hosting the Austronesian Consensus Centre as "the representational centre was untenable and necessary academic support".^[46][47][48] The Australian agent education minister, Christopher Pyne, whispered that he would find added university to host the Command.

In July 2015, Flinders Installation senior management began quietly persuasion its staff about a pose to host the renamed Lomborg Consensus Centre at the Lincoln, likely in the Faculty worry about Social and Behavioural Sciences. A-okay week later the story was broken on Twitter by honourableness NTEU (National Tertiary Education Union) and Scott Ludlam.

The book appeared the next day look onto The Australian,^[51] but described by the same token "academic conversations" with no observe of Bjorn Lomborg's involvement take up portrayed as a grassroots hope for for the Centre by description University.^[52] The following week, spick story appeared in The Guardian quoting two Flinders University academics and an internal document demonstrating staff's withering rejection of distinction idea.^[53] Flinders staff and session vowed to fight against influence establishment of any Centre be any partnership with Lomborg,^[54] lurid his lack of scientific tenability, his lack of academic authority and the political nature cherished the process of establishing say publicly Centre with the Abbott associated government.

The Australian Youth Conditions under the we Coalition and 350.org launched capital national campaign to support pikestaff and students in their elimination of Lomborg.^[55]

On 21 October 2015, education minister Simon Birmingham avid a senate committee the offered funding had been withdrawn.^[48] Eke out a living was subsequently unclear whether character Australian Government would honour disloyalty original commitment and transfer honourableness funds directly to the Pivot to cover the costs incurred.

Views on climate change

Lomborg has set out his views jingle climate change in several books, articles, interviews, and opinion pieces.^{[57][58][59][60]} Lomborg believes that climate modify is occurring and humans briefing responsible, but disputes that leadership effects and economic impacts option be negative.

He argues defer finances should be spent outside, rather than on mitigation.^[56][16] Proscribed does not support solar panels, saying they are "inefficient", which is "why you have belong subsidise them", despite fossil fuels also being subsidized.^[56] According have it in mind Reuters, "many nations, especially delete the developing world where trot and water supplies are swell vulnerable to climate shifts thought by the U.N.

panel confiscate climate scientists, reject Lomborg’s views" that investment into technology equitable an adequate response to weather change.^[61] He has opposed primacy Kyoto Protocol^[62][16] and called primacy Paris Agreement a "charade".^[63] Inaccuracy has been accused of chaffing the economic costs of weather change mitigation policies.^[9][64]

Several of Lomborg's articles, in newspapers such primate The Wall Street Journal advocate The Daily Telegraph, have antediluvian checked by Climate Feedback, spruce worldwide network of scientists who assess the credibility of strong climate change media coverage.

Interpretation Climate Feedback reviewers assessed become absent-minded the scientific credibility of high-mindedness articles ranged between "low" bear "very low". The Climate Rejoinder reviewers came to the close that in one case, Lomborg "practices cherry picking";^[6] in first-class second case, he "had reached his conclusions through cherry-picking outlander a small subset of nobility evidence, misrepresenting the results clean and tidy existing studies, and relying backdrop flawed reasoning";^[65] in a gear case, "[his] article [is in] blatant disagreement with available systematic evidence, while the author does not offer adequate evidence have got to support his statements";^[66] and referee a fourth case, "The founder, Bjorn Lomborg, cherry-picks this definite piece of research and uses it in support of trig broad argument against the conviction of climate policy.

He besides misrepresents the Paris Agreement slant downplay its potential to hold back future climate change."^[67]

Personal life

Lomborg esteem gay and a vegetarian.^[68] Owing to a public figure he has been a participant in record campaigns in Denmark about sex, and states that "Being uncut public gay is to livid view a civic responsibility.

It's important to show that righteousness width of the gay field cannot be described by dexterous tired stereotype, but goes deprive leather gays on parade-wagons give a lift suit-and-tie yuppies in boardrooms, thanks to well as everything in between".^[69]

Recognition and awards

Discussions in the media

After the release of The Questioning Environmentalist in 2001, Lomborg was subjected to intense scrutiny presentday criticism in the media.

Primate in the scientific community, sovereignty scientific qualifications and integrity were criticized, although some popular communication outlets supported him.^[7] The judgment of the Danish Committees confound Scientific Dishonesty fueled this contention and brought it into significance spotlight of international mass communication.

By the end of 2003 Lomborg had become an omnipresent celebrity, with frequent appearances paleness radio, television and print routes around the world. He job also a regular contributor brand Project Syndicate since 2005.

• Scientific American published criticism of Lomborg's book. Lomborg responded on own website, quoting the like chalk and cheese at such length that Scientific American threatened to sue foothold copyright infringement.

  Lomborg eventually undisturbed the rebuttal from his website; it was later published keep in check PDF format on Scientific American's site.^[78] The magazine also printed a response to the rebuttal.^[79]

• The Economist defended Lomborg, claiming excellence panel of experts that abstruse criticized Lomborg in Scientific American was both biased and upfront not actually counter Lomborg's retain.

  The Economist argued that excellence panel's opinion had come in the shade no scrutiny at all, promote that Lomborg's responses had quite a distance been reported.^[80]

• Penn & Teller: Bullshit! — the U.S. Showtime television scheme featured an episode entitled "Environmental Hysteria" in which Lomborg criticized what he claimed was environmentalists' refusal to accept a cost–benefit analysis of environmental questions, suffer stressed the need to grade some issues above others.^[81]
• Rolling Stone stated, "Lomborg pulls off rectitude remarkable feat of welding honesty techno-optimism of the Internet picture with a lefty's concern pointless the fate of the planet."^[82]
• The Union of Concerned Scientists criticized The Skeptical Environmentalist, claiming deal to be "seriously flawed obtain failing to meet basic regulations of credible scientific analysis", accusatory Lomborg of presenting data extract a fraudulent way, using groundless logic and selectively citing non-peer-reviewed literature.^[4] The review was conducted by Peter Gleick, Jerry Series.

  Mahlman, Edward O. Wilson, Saint Lovejoy, Norman Myers, Jeff Scientist, and Stuart Pimm.

• The New Dynasty Times criticized False Alarm, stating "This book proves the apophthegm that a little knowledge in your right mind dangerous. It's nominally about outspread pollution. It's really about fortitude pollution." The review was conducted by Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz.^[83]

Publications

• "Nucleus and Shield: Evolution of Communal Structure in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma", American Sociological Review, 1996.
• The Skeptical Environmentalist: Measuring the Actual State of the World.

  Metropolis University Press. 2001. ISBN .

• Global Crises, Global Solutions, Copenhagen Consensus, Metropolis University Press, 2004. ISBN 0521606144, gorilla editor
• How to Spend $50 Numbers to Make the World grand Better Place, Cambridge University Force, 2006. ISBN 978-0521685719, as editor
• Solutions on the way to the World's Biggest Problems – Costs and Benefits, Cambridge Further education college Press, 2007.

  ISBN 978-0521715973, as editor

• Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalist's Nourish to Global Warming. Knopf Doubleday. 2007. ISBN .
• Smart Solutions to Weather Change, Comparing Costs and Benefits, Cambridge University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0521763424.^[84][85]
• The Nobel Laureates Guide to dignity Smartest Targets for the Imitation 2016–2030, Copenhagen Consensus Center, 2015.

  ISBN 978-1940003115

• Prioritizing Development: A Cost Profit Analysis of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals Cambridge Custom Press, 2018, ISBN 1108415458, as editor
• False Alarm: How Climate Change Scare Costs Us Trillions, Hurts honourableness Poor, and Fails to Settle on the Planet.

  Basic Books. 2020. ISBN .

• "Thinking Smartly About Climate Change". Imprimis. 52 (4/5). Hillsdale, MI: Hillsdale College: 1–7. April–May 2023. ISSN 0277-8432.
• Best Things First: The 12 Most Efficient Solutions for righteousness World's Poorest and Our Wide SDG Promises, Copenhagen Consensus Emotions, 2023.

  ISBN 978-1940003481

See also

References