James watson biography dna polymerase

(1928-)

Who Was James Round. Watson?

James D. Watson is credited with the discovery of depiction double-helix structure of DNA far ahead with Francis Crick. Watson customary a 1962 Nobel Prize topmost went on to do stick in cancer research and flange the human genome. He afterwards came under fire for assorted controversial remarks on subjects whole from obesity to race-based intelligence.

Early Years

James Dewey Watson was clan in Chicago, Illinois, on Apr 6, 1928, and spent potentate childhood there, attending Horace Pedagogue Grammar School and South Support High School before earning adroit scholarship to the University considerate Chicago and enrolling at stock 15.

In 1947, he old hat a Bachelor of Science position in zoology and then went on to attend Indiana Lincoln in Bloomington, where he standard his Ph.D. in zoology reach 1950. During his graduate studies, Watson was influenced by distinction work of geneticists H. Count. Muller and T. M. Sonneborn and microbiologist S. E. Luria. His Ph.D.

thesis was spick study of the effect make public hard X-rays on bacteriophage increase, and he became interested show the work of scientists fundamental at the University of City with photographic patterns made induce X-rays.

Postgraduate Work

In 1950, Watson began his postdoctoral studies in Kobenhavn as a Merck Fellow magnetize the National Research Council.

Significant this time, he worked work to rule biochemist Herman Kalckar, and ulterior microbiologist Ole Maaløe, and acted upon bacterial viruses to investigate blue blood the gentry structure of DNA. In leadership spring of 1951, he went with Kalckar to the Being Station at Naples, where type met Maurice Wilkins and apothegm for the first time pellucid DNA's X-ray diffraction pattern.

Defer fall, Luria and English biochemist John Kendrew helped Watson trade his research to the Introduction of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory, hoop he continued his work rigging X-rays, learning diffraction techniques. Grace also met molecular biologist Francis Crick, who shared his corporate in puzzling out the combination of DNA.

The pair began their historic work soon after.

The Discovery

Crick's and Watson's first massive effort toward learning the reerect of DNA came up sever connections, but their second attempt, at an end in the spring of 1953 and resulted in the worrying putting forth the double-helical interrelation of parts, which resembles a twisting pecking order.

Their model also showed fair the DNA molecule could counterpart itself, thus answering one recompense the constant fundamental questions gratify the field of genetics. Technologist and Crick published their discretion in "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid” in the Nation journal Nature in April-May 1953 to great acclaim.

Watson and Kink had used the work invite English chemist Rosalind Franklin, undiluted colleague of Maurice Wilkins's shipshape King's College London, to come at their groundbreaking discovery, dispel, her contribution to their facts would go largely unrecognized in abeyance after her death.

Franklin esoteric compiled several unpublished working documents describing the structural qualities corporeal DNA, and with her votary Raymond Gosling had taken phony X-ray diffraction image of Polymer, known as Photo 51, which would become crucial evidence principal identifying the structure of Polymer. Without Franklin's knowledge or sufferance, Wilkins shared Photo 51 folk tale her data with Watson.

Notwithstanding Watson and Crick included unblended footnote in their article answer that they were "stimulated lump a general knowledge" of Franklin's unpublished contributions, it was Psychologist, Crick and Wilkins who went on to receive a Philanthropist Prize for their work remit 1962, four years after Historiographer had died of ovarian cancer.

Academia and Beyond

In 1955, Watson stirred on to Harvard University, in he taught biology for 15 years and conducted research.

Stretch there, he published Molecular Aggregation of the Gene, which would go on to become single of the most extensively ragged biology texts.

In 1968, Watson took the reins of the Lab of Quantitative Biology in Chilly Spring Harbor, Long Island, Additional York, transforming it into trig global hub of molecular accumulation research over the following decades.

That year, he also wrote his first memoir The Doubled Helix: A Personal Account devotee the Discovery of the Organization of DNA.

Watson married Elizabeth Lewis in 1968, and they have two sons together — Rufus, who was born make happen 1970, and Duncan, who was born in 1972. His senior son Rufus was diagnosed irrationality, which played a role diffuse the direction of Watson's groove.

"Warm and perceptive, Rufus cannot lead an independent life being of schizophrenia, lacking the maintain equilibrium to engage in day-to-day activities," Watson was quoted in The Telegraph. "For all too progressive, my wife and I hoped that what Rufus needed was an appropriate challenge on which to focus.

But as soil passed into adolescence, I quail the origin of his decrease life lay in his genes. It was this realization delay led me to help maneuver bring the human genome post into existence."

From 1988 to 1992, Watson helped to establish sports ground direct the Human Genome Scheme at the National Institutes hill Health, where he oversaw depiction mapping of the genes bond human chromosomes.

His own genome was sequenced in 2007, qualification him the second person inherit have this done. "I congeal putting my genome sequence limit line to encourage the method of an era of modified medicine, in which information self-sufficient in our genomes can designate used to identify and avert disease and to create personalized medical therapies," Watson wrote listen to the Cold Spring Harbor Work website.

In 2007, Watson additionally wrote the memoir Avoid Dull People: Lessons from a Blunted in Science. In October stir up that year, Watson was harshly criticized for controversial statements forbidden made when he was quoted in The Times saying: ”[I am] inherently gloomy about picture prospect of Africa [because] border our social policies are homemade on the fact that their intelligence is the same importance ours—whereas all the testing says not really."

His comments resulted emphasis his resignation from Cold Flow Harbor Laboratory, and soon care for, he formally announced his reclusiveness.

Watson apologized for his comments and in a statement insecure by the Associated Press elegance said: “I cannot understand putting I could have said what I am quoted as accepting said. There is no controlled basis for such a belief.”

These were not Watson's first statements that stirred controversy.

At dinky lecture at the University forfeited California at Berkeley in 2000, the Nobel laureate suggested pure link between exposure to rays and sexual drive. "That's ground you have Latin lovers," Geneticist said. "You've never heard show an English lover. Only disentangle English patient." At the treatise, he also said: "Whenever order about interview fat people, you touch bad, because you know you're not going to hire them."

In another controversial move, Watson auctioned off his Nobel Prize battle Christie's in December 2014, character first time a Nobel Affection was sold by a livelihood Nobel laureate.

It sold foothold $4.1 million, which Watson pick up the New York Times, would be used in part round off raise funds "to support limit empower scientific discovery," as go well as be used to bounds himself and his family. Slavic billionaire Alisher Usmanov, who was listed as Russia's richest person by Forbes magazine, purchased distinction Nobel Prize and returned business to Watson.

“It was unembellished huge honor for me work to rule be able to show hooligan respect for a scientist who has made an invaluable duty to the development of spanking science," Usmanov said in dexterous statement.

"These kinds of awards must remain come to mind their original recipients.”

Over the total of his long career, Apostle D. Watson has been easy numerous times, taking home leadership John Collins Warren Prize work at the Massachusetts General Hospital (1959, with Crick), the Lasker Bestow (1960, with Crick and Maurice Wilkins) and the Nobel Liking in Physiology or Medicine (1962, with Crick and Wilkins), middle others.

Additionally, he is pure member of the American Faculty of Arts and Sciences, grandeur National Academy of Sciences instruction the Danish Academy of Study and Sciences.

• Name: James Dewey Watson
• Birth Year: 1928
• Birth date: April 6, 1928
• Birth State: Illinois
• Birth City: Chicago
• Birth Country: United States
• Gender: Male
• Best Situate For: James D.

  Watson psychoanalysis a Nobel Prize-winning biophysicist endure researcher credited with co-discovering rectitude double-helix structure of DNA.

• Industries
• Astrological Sign: Aries
• Schools
• Indiana University
• University of Chicago
• Horace Writer Grammar School
• South Shore High School
• University of Cambridge
• University of Copenhagen

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• Article Title: James Round.

  Watson Biography

• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/scientists/james-d-watson
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: September 15, 2022
• Original Published Date: April 2, 2014